Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Yahaya Abubakar; Ali Lasseini

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(4): 292-301

doi: 10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Yahaya Abubakar, Ali Lasseini.

Abstract
Background: Hypomagnesemia frequently occurs after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen secondary brain injury. This study evaluated whether adjunctive parenteral magnesium sulphate improves early neurological recovery and functional outcome in hypomagnesemic adults with severe TBI.
Methods: This prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled 50 hypomagnesemic adults with severe TBI (post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 3–8) at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, between May 2021 and June 2022. Participants were randomised to receive either parenteral magnesium sulphate or placebo in addition to standard care. Baseline prognostic variables, including age, admission GCS, mechanism of injury, time to presentation, pupillary reactivity, CT findings, hypotension, intubation status, and serum magnesium level, were comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). The primary outcome was a favourable functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] 4–5) at 8 weeks, while secondary outcomes included neurological recovery at 72 hours and mortality.
Results: Patients receiving magnesium sulphate were more likely to achieve a GCS ≥10 at 72 hours than controls (48.0% vs. 8.0%; RR 6.00, 95% CI 1.52–23.63; p = 0.004). Mean 72-hour GCS was significantly higher in the magnesium group (7.08 ± 1.68 vs. 5.96 ± 0.84; p = 0.005). At 8 weeks, favourable outcomes were observed in 60.0% and 12.0% of participants, respectively (RR 5.00, 95% CI 1.67–14.97; p = 0.001). Mortality was lower in the magnesium group (4.0% vs. 12.0%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.609).
Conclusion: Among hypomagnesemic adults with severe traumatic brain injury, adjunctive parenteral magnesium sulphate was associated with improved early neurological recovery and better functional outcomes. Larger multicentre randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Key words: Traumatic brain injury; Magnesium sulphate; Hypomagnesemia; Glasgow Coma Scale; Neurological recovery.

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Pubmed Style

Abubakar Y, Lasseini A. Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(4): 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Web Style

Abubakar Y, Lasseini A. Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. https://www.wisdomgale.com/ejsrr/?mno=322208 [Access: October 29, 2026].

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abubakar Y, Lasseini A. Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(4): 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abubakar Y, Lasseini A. Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eu J Sci Res Rev. (2026), [cited October 29, 2026]; 4(4): 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Harvard Style

Abubakar, Y. & Lasseini, . A. (2026) Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eu J Sci Res Rev, 4 (4), 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Turabian Style

Abubakar, Yahaya, and Ali Lasseini. 2026. Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 4 (4), 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

Chicago Style

Abubakar, Yahaya, and Ali Lasseini. "Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 4 (2026), 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abubakar, Yahaya, and Ali Lasseini. "Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 4.4 (2026), 292-301. Print.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abubakar, Y. & Lasseini, . A. (2026) Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate on Early Neurological Recovery and Eight-week Functional Outcome in Hypomagnesemic Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 4 (4), 292-301.

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260525053047