Self-medication practices among undergraduate medical students at Nouveaux Horizons University, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Peniel Kyaite Masele; Noella Tshamba Hitshika; Jospin Lunda Mutonkole; Philippe Cilundika Mulenga

doi:10.5455/JPPR.20260205060440

Abstract
Aim/Background : Self-medication is a particularly risky practice among undergraduate medical students. Data on this population are very limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of self-medication among undergraduate medical students.

Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical aims was conducted among 214 undergraduate medical students at Nouveaux Horizons University in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A questionnaire exploring self-medication was administered to the participants on July 1, 2025. Data analysis was performed using EPI Info 7.2.7.0 and Excel 2016. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent variables associated with self-medication.

Results : Of the participants, 20.09% (43 out of 214) reported self-medicating. Headache was the most frequently mentioned self-medicating symptom (53.49%). The most commonly used medications were paracetamol alone (41.86%) or combined with ibuprofen (48.84%). Antibiotics were used by 9.30% of students . Family and friends were the primary source of advice (55.81%). 65.12% of students self-medicated to quickly relieve symptoms. Being female or in a higher academic year were two factors associated with self-medicating.

Conclusion : The prevalence of self-medication observed in this study is one of the lowest in the world. These results provide a contrasting reality in a country where poverty limits access to health care, confirming the need to explore self-medication practices by considering sociodemographic factors.

Key words: Self-medication, drugs, Nouveaux Horizons University, DR Congo